スターラヤ・ルーサ
スターラヤ・ルーサ (ロシア語: Ста́рая Ру́сса, Staraya Russa) は小さな歴史のある町でロシア共和国ノブゴロド州 en:Novgorod Oblast の中央部にある。ロシア国内では鉱泉のわく温泉保養地として昔から有名で、世界から訪れる旅行客にはドストエフスキーの夏の別荘がある場所、また小説『カラマーゾフの兄弟』に登場する架空の街「スコトプリゴニエフスク」Skotoprigonievsk の原型になった場所として人気がある。
知る[編集]
Staraya Russa is one of the oldest cities in Russia, founded in the tenth century as one of the principal cities of the then-powerful and wealthy trading nation of the Novgorod Republic. It gained greatly in prestige with the establishment of the Monastery of the Transfiguration in the twelfth century. Its salt works made it the regional leader in salt and brine production, driving its economy, and leading to the growth of the town to nearly 5,000 inhabitants by the fifteenth century, when it was incorporated along with en:Novgorod into the Princedom of Muscovy.
Owing to its northwestern location, Staraya Russa has seen many battles. Well after its wooden walls had been burnt down and later replaced by stone fortifications, the town fought bloody battles against Swedish invaders for centuries, but the most devastating years of its history would come after the reign of Ivan the Terrible, during the Russian Time of Troubles in the early seventeenth century. Until the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty, the surrounding area was under the control of armed gangs and brigands, and the once-important city dwindled to a mere 38 people. Over time Staraya Russa recovered, but its fate as a town on the invasion route would come back to haunt it one last time in the twentieth century, when Hitler's forces invaded during World War II and virtually levelled the historic town.
Despite the destruction throughout the years, though, many old wooden houses (including the Dostoevsky residence) and several important churches remain intact, and other institutions, like the balneologic resort, have been rebuilt. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the town's population is shrinking (along with the rest of rural Russia), and feels a sleepy backwater—actually, a great change of pace for travellers who have been spending most of their time in en:Saint Petersburg or Moscow. The residential areas near the rivers are quite peaceful, the locals are friendly and laid-back, and there is a lot to see with all the Dostoevsky sights. Better still, despite the Dostoevsky connection, the place is pretty much devoid of any international travellers outside of the high tourist season in summer, so you'll have the place to yourself.
着く[編集]
Transport connections to Staraya Russa are somewhat limited. The city is best visited as a side trip from en:Novgorod, or as a detour/stopover on the way from en:Moscow (or en:Valday) to en:Pskov or Novgorod.
鉄道で[編集]
- 1 Staraya Russa Railway Station (Железнодорожный вокзал)、 Zheleznodorozhnaya ulitsa, ~12 (1 km from the City Center)、 ☏ +7 816 5221882。 There is a daily open cashdesk with a couple breaktimes。
From Moscow (9-10 hours) or Pskov (3 1/2 hours) you can take the en:Moscow–en:Pskov route, although this service is generally limited to one train per day, with trains running overnight. A daily local train connects to nearest hubs: Bologoye (via en:Valday) on the en:Moscow–en:Saint Petersburg line and Dno on the en:Kiev–en:Saint Petersburg line.
バスで[編集]
- 2 Staraya Russa Bus Station (Автостанция)、 Zheleznodorozhnaya ulitsa (Right next to Railway Station)、 ☏ +7 816 5222401。 Daily 5-22。
Buses run hourly from en:Novgorod, with the trip taking about two hours. Even if coming from Moscow, this is a good way to avoid the hassle of limited train service and to see another incredible historical destination on the same trip. From en:Saint Petersburg, you can take one of six direct buses reaching Staraya Russa in six hours. Note that many of the buses terminate in neighbouring towns, e.g., Kholm, Parfino, Volot, and will have their names specified as the main destination.
車で[編集]
From Novgorod, follow the A116 to Shimsk, then P51 to Staraya Russa (96km).
From Moscow, follow the M9 to en:Rzhev and take the turn for Selizharovo. Continue on the P87 to en:Ostashkov, then local roads to Demyansk, and then to Staraya Russa. Alternatively, follow the M10, pass en:Valday, and continue left along the P48 to Demyansk and Staraya Russa. Both routes are about 600 km and involve unpredictable road conditions in Novgorod Oblast, although the second track is believed to be more safe and reliable.
移動する[編集]
While it is not a tiny town, it's still possible to get around everywhere via walking. Hailing a "cab" is a good way to speed things up if, say, you want to get back quickly to the bus back to Novgorod. A taxi from Dostoevsky's House-Museum would run only about テンプレート:RUB. From the train/bus station, you can take buses 1, 4, 6, or 11 to the centre, but given how slow the buses run, it's probably quicker to walk.
観る・する[編集]
If you are spending just a half day in town, focus on the main Dostoevsky sights—above all the house museum, with a stop by St. George church and a stroll along the river—and pay the Monastery of the Transfiguration a visit. If you have a bit more time, perhaps take a tour through the Cultural Centre, and consider wandering over towards the Balneologic Resort to acquaint yourself with the very Russian/Soviet tradition of mineral water sanitoria. If the weather is OK, Staraya Russa is also just a really nice place to walk around. If you aim to simply walk by the various churches, you could spend several hours on a nice amble about the town.
- 1 Dostoevsky Cultural Centre (Научно-культурный центр Ф.М.Достоевского)、 nab. Dostoevskovo, 8、 ☏ +7 816 52 37-285。 Tu-F Su 10:00-18:00。 「This neat little neoclassical building has small temporary exhibits on the life and works of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, but the main reason to come is if you are interested in having a local guide take you around the town's literary sites (in Russian).」 テンプレート:RUB ; tours: c. テンプレート:RUB。
- 2 Dostoevsky's House Museum (Дом-музей Ф.М.Достоевского)、 nab. Dostoevskovo, 42/2、 ☏ +7 816 52 51-477。 10:00-18:00 daily。 「The Dostoevsky family spent their summers in the healthy country climate of Staraya Russa from 1872 through 1914—well past the writer's death in 1881. His time here saw some of his most prolific work, most importantly his masterpiece The Brothers Karamazov. The large, green, wooden dacha on the riverbank is today a carefully curated shrine to the great nineteenth century writer, having survived the revolutions and wars of the twentieth century unscathed. The first floor hosts exhibits, while the second floor is arranged and recreated in the same way as the Dostoevsky family kept it.」 テンプレート:RUB。
- 3 Grushenka's House (Дом Грушеньки)、 nab. Glebova, 25。 「Grushenka's house, as depicted in The Brothers Karamazov, was based on this pretty 1850s-era house. Privately owned.」
- 4 Living Bridge (Живой мост) (across the Polist River)。 「If you hear locals talking about "the living bridge", don't expect anything too necromantic — the name is a holdover from the bridge's earlier incarnation as a pontoon bridge with a lively "sway."」
- 5 Museum of the Northwest Front (Музей северо-западного фронта)、 ul. Volodarskovo, 25、 ☏ +7 816 52 35-285。 M W-F 10:00-18:00, Su 09:00-17:00。 「A modest military history museum with exhibits on the history of the Russian Northwest Front during World War II.」 テンプレート:RUB。
- 6 Staraya Russa Balneologic Resort
(Курорт Старая Русса)、 ul. Mineral'naya (ул. Минеральная), 62、 ☏ +7 816 5231603。 Muravyovsky Fountain 'gives' water strictly on schedule 07:00-09:00, 11:30-14:30, 18:00-19:30。 「While today foreigners come to Staraya Russa because of Dostoevsky, and Dostoevsky alone, the town was for hundreds of years known for its balneologic resort, where ailing Russians would come and avail themselves of the mineral water and mud treatments. The buildings and sculptures throughout the park are for the most part pretty unremarkable, whereas the so-called Muravyovsky Fountain merits a visit. This big fountain at the centre of the complex is built atop a natural mineral water spring, and for most of its history was covered by a rather marvellous metal pavilion, with covered galleries, adorned with wooden carvings, running from the fountain to the hotel and to the wooden theatre. The complex was almost completely destroyed in World War II. In the early 1980s, the government made a half-hearted attempt to erect a new metal dome over the fountain, but the salt in the air corroded the metal and quickly brought it down. Today, the fountain is a shell of its once majestic stature—even the flow has been reduced to reduce salt water damage to nearby trees. But you can still sample its waters from the Drinking Pavilion behind it—chilled or hot like it came out of the ground.」
Ecclesiastical buildings[編集]
- 7 Cathedral of the Resurrection (Воскресенский собор)、 ul. Resurrection (ул. Возрождения), 1 (at the meeting of the Polist and Porusya Rivers)。 「This monumental cathedral was built close to the end of the seventeenth century. It looks quite impressive from a distance on its grand location, but there is no pressing need to get up close with a camera.」
- 8 Mina Muchenik Church (Церковь Великомученика Мины)、 ul. Georgievskaya (ул. Георгиевская), 44。 「Despite the later reconstructions and its current dilapidated state, this is a wonderfully preserved little 14th-century church. According to legend, Swedish invaders, having destroyed much of the town, came to the church seeking a night's refuge from the elements, but upon entering the church went blind. The blinded soldiers were sent back to Sweden as evidence of miracles and general strangeness going on in the Russian territories they were occupying.」
- 9 Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Savior (Спасо-Преображенский монастырь)、 Frunze Square, ul. Volodarskovo(ул. Володарского)、 ☏ +7 816 52 35-666。 M W-F 10:00-18:00, Sa Su 09:00-17:00。 「The monastery includes the beautiful Cathedral of the Transfiguration (1442), the Church of the Nativity (early seventeenth century) and Sretensky Church (early seventeenth century), all having charming wooden domes. Closed following the Bolshevik Revolution, it is today managed by the Museum of Local History, which houses in the buildings both a small regional museum and an art gallery with exhibits by local artists.」 テンプレート:RUB for the museum and art gallery each。
- 10 Saint George and Annunciation Church (Георгиевская церковь)、 ul. Georgievskaya (ул. Георгиевская), 26。 「Dating back to 1410, this stone church was the family church for the Dostoevskys during their summers here. In their first summer at Staraya Russa, the Dostoevsky family actually stayed at the house of the senior priest, Father Rumyantsev, and it was in his house that the writer finished his work Demons. While not a shining example of old Russian architecture, it has a good deal of country charm.」
- 11 St Nicholas Church (Церковь Николая Чудотворца)、 ul. Krasnykh Komandirov (ул. Красных Командиров), 8。 「Built in 1371. The classical bell towers were built in the early eighteenth century while the church was being rebuilt. Unfortunately, the renovations and modern décor have for all intents and purposes ruined the elegance of this ancient church.」
- 12 Trinity Church (Троицкая церковь)、 ul. Frunze (ул. Фрунзе), 12a。 「A well-preserved 1676 church, characteristic of churches for the merchant class of the seventeenth century, right at the central City Park.」
買う[編集]
- 1 Book Store (Магазин «Книга»)、 ul. Lenina (ул. Ленина), 6、 ☏ +7 816 5237705。 M-F 09:00-18:00, Sa Su 09:00-17:00, lunch break 14:00-15:00。 「A small, handy bookstore selling local road maps.」
- 2 Pishi, Chitay (Read & Write) Bookstore (Магазин «Пиши, читай»)、 ul. Engel'sa (ул. Энгельса), 3、 ☏ +7 816 5251755。 M-F 09:30-18:30, Sa Su 09:30-16:00, lunch break 14:00-15:00。 「Another bookstore with the same scope.」
- 3 Korobeynyk Shop (магазине «Коробейник»)、 ul. Mineral'naya (ул. Минеральная), 61 (near Staraya Russa Balneologic Resort)。 「Souvenirs.」
Groceries[編集]
- 4 Grocery Magnyt (продуктов «Магнит»)、 ul. Lenina (ул. Ленина), 9 (Leto Shopping Mall)。 「Groceries.」
食べる[編集]
There are several cheap cafés/cafeterias in the town, none of which are terribly tasty, but all of which will fill you up in a pinch. The best restaurant in town is inside Hotel Polist, and is actually quite a good option, with large portions of good Russian food at provincial prices (mains will run テンプレート:RUB). Outside the hotel, Café Il'men' is the local favourite, and is not a bad choice of watering hole.
お手頃[編集]
- 1 Café Grill (Кафе «Гриль»)、 ul. Krasnykh Partizan (ул. Красных Партизан), 8、 ☏ +7 816 52 52-232。 M-F 09:00-18:00, Sa 10:00-15:00。 「This small café 5 min away from the train station serves lunches to locals. Join them for grilled meat or fish, both are worth trying.」
- 2 Cafe Sadko (Кафе «Садко»)、 ul. Lenina, 7、 ☏ +7 816 523-1538。 Daily 09:00-21:00。 「Another cheap café with a very convenient location, where you can get tolerable, basic Russian food like beef kotlety or stuffed cabbage. Semi self-serve—order at the counter.」 テンプレート:RUB。
- 3 Cafe Tortuga (Кафе «Тортуга»)、 ul. Karla Marksa, 27、 ☏ +7 816 523-2290。 10:00-21:00。 「Launched as a café for children, this eatery eventually transformed into a cheap bar colloquially known as ryumochnaya. It is not the best place to eat unless you are deeply interested in local drinking traditions, or simply want to taste savoury pirozhki that are on sale here.」
Mid-range[編集]
- 4 Cafe Bashnya (Кафе-бар Okami)、 Gostinodvorskaya Ulitsa, 2、 ☏ +7 921 606-19-99。 12:00-23:00 daily。 「This eatery with a cryptic name offers what now became the most popular food in Russia: pizza and sushi. Fortunately, they are not mixing it. Free Wi-Fi.」 Pizza: テンプレート:RUB。
- 5 Cafe Il'men' (Кафе «Ильмень»)、 ul. Mineral'naya, 45a、 ☏ +7 816 523-1968。 Su-Th 12:00-02:00, F Sa 13:00-04:00。 「Il'men' is the best local restaurant (although in fairness, that's not a profound accomplishment) outside the hotel, and if you ask for a local restaurant at the hotel, they will likely direct you here. Fare is standard Russian, and the service is... standard Russian. The menu is nice and long, so you should be able to find something to your taste. Hours run very long into the night, and they usually have live music, if you are looking for a bar to hang out at.」 テンプレート:RUB。
飲む[編集]
In general, the best bar in town is either a public park or a stroll along the river. But if you are cold or otherwise want to drink in greater luxury, head over to the lobby bar at the hotel or to Cafe Il'men'.
泊まる[編集]
- 1 Hotel Polist (Гостиница «Полисть»)、 ul. Engelsa, 20、 ☏ +7 816 52 37-547、 FAX: +7 816 52 37-894、 ✉polist@mail.ru。 「Having undergone a full renovation, Hotel Polist is no longer a place to be avoided, and visitors now can overnight here without worrying about their comfort. The hotel has become a fine three-star provincial hotel, with what is the town's best restaurant. Breakfast included.」 テンプレート:RUB, single テンプレート:RUB。
- 2 Staraya Russa (Курорт «Старая Русса»)、 ul. Mineral'naya, 62 (Near to the entrance of the Resort)、 ☏ +7 816 524-10-41。 チェックイン: 12:00, check-out: 12:00。 「Quite good option to stay. It's possible to get a room with full board.」 テンプレート:RUB (breakfast included), single テンプレート:RUB。
- 3 Hotel "Vis-à-vis" (Отель «Визави»)、 ul. Mineral'naya (ул. Минеральная), 59а (near the entrance of the resort)、 ☏ +7 816 5232777, +7 911 6284454。 Double テンプレート:RUB。
Besides of these 2 options there are lots of offers from Staraya Russa's citizens who are willing to let their flats (テンプレート:RUB). Look for such advertisements in Internet or ask for this once arrived.
出かける[編集]
Staraya Russa は人の手が入った土地から隔絶されており、次の訪問地はもっと大きな都市として西の Pskov または北の Novgorod といって Staraya Russa に行くなら、また初訪問なら、なおさら立ち寄るべき場所である。さもなければ、せめて東の Valday に足を伸ばしたい。その案とは対照的に南へ向かうと、さらに人里離れた場所があり、行くのは大変だが自然保護区の Rdeisky Nature Reserve（Kholm）には広大な湿原が広がり、美しい湖や修道院の廃墟が佇む。
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